Have you ever wondered why some model figures are measured in millimeters and others in proportions like 1:35 or 1:72? The world of miniature scales It may seem confusing at first, but once you understand its fundamentals, it becomes an essential tool for any modeler.
Herein complete guide We'll explain Everything you need to know and how to convert between different measurement systems. We will also cover the most popular measures and how to choose the perfect option for your next project.
What are the miniature scales?
These are measurement systems that allow us to reproduce real objects in reduced size while maintaining their exact proportions. There are two main ways to express these measurements:
System of ratios or proportions
The ratio system is expressed as a fraction (1/72) or proportion (1:72), where the first number is always 1 and the second indicates how many times smaller the miniature is compared to the real object. For example, a figure at a scale of 1:35 is 35 times smaller than a real person.
Millimeter system
In the millimeter system, figures are classified according to their height measured from feet to eye level (not to the top of the head). This standard measurement prevents elements such as helmets, hats, or decorations from altering the scale classification.
Miniature scale measurements: How to make conversions
Conversion formula: 1610 ÷ ratio = height in mm. Measurements are taken up to eye level.
From ratios to millimeters
To convert a ratio scale to millimeters, you need to know the key number: 1610. This figure represents the average height to the eyes of an adult in millimeters.
Formula: 1610 ÷ ratio = height in mm
Example: For a scale of 1:72 1610 ÷ 72 = 22.36 mm
From millimeters to ratios
For the reverse conversion, you divide 1610 by the height in millimeters of the figure.
Formula: 1610 ÷ height in mm = ratio
Example: For a 28 mm figure 1610 ÷ 28 = 57.5 (approximately 1:57 scale)
Equivalence tableValencias: The most used
Quick conversion table between millimeters and ratios of the most popular scales
| Scale in mm | Scale in ratio | Main use |
| 6 mm | 1:268 | Massive wargames |
| 10 mm | 1:160 | N scale trains |
| 15 mm | 1:107 | Historical Wargames |
| 20 mm | 1:80 | Historical figures |
| 22 mm | 1:72 | Military modeling |
| 25 mm | 1:64 | Collectible figures |
| 28 mm | 1:57 | Modern Wargames |
| 30 mm | 1:54 | Collectible figures |
| 35 mm | 1:48 | Detailed modeling |
| 54 mm | 1:30 | Premium figures |
| 75 mm | 1:21 | Display figures |
Scales figures modeling: The most used
Scale 1:72 (22 mm)
The 1:72 scale is one of the most versatile in military model making.Perfect for:
- Dioramas with multiple elements
- Extensive collections
- Projects with tight budgets
- Beginner Modelers
Advantages: Wide variety of products available, affordable prices, ideal for large-scale scenes Disadvantages: Lower level of detail, more difficult to paint accurately
Scale 1:35 (46 mm)
The 1:35 scale represents the perfect balance between detail and manageability:
- Enough detail for elaborate paintings
- Comfortable size for working
- Wide range of accessories available
- Ideal for medium-sized dioramas
Advantages: Excellent detail-to-size ratio, easy to work with, high availability Disadvantages: It requires more space than smaller sizes
Scale 1:48 (33.5 mm)
Popular mainly in aviation and some land vehicles:
- Visible interior details
- Ideal for model airplanes
- Good for display
- Intermediate level of complexity
Large sizes: 1:16 and 1:12
For spectacular projects and experienced modelers:
- Exceptional level of detail
- They allow advanced painting techniques
- Ideal for displays
- They require considerable space
Factors to consider when choosing miniature dimensions
Available space
- Small scales (1:72, 1:87): Perfect for small spaces
- Medium scales (1:35, 1:48): They require large tables
- Large scales (1:16, 1:12): They need dedicated spaces
Level of experience
- Beginners: 1:72 or 1:48
- Intermediate: 1:35
- Advanced: 1:16 or larger
Budget
Smaller dimensions are generally more economical, both in initial cost and in additional materials such as paints and tools.
Project objective
- Wargaming: 28 mm or 15 mm
- Historical dioramas: 1:72 or 1:35
- Collectible figures: 54 mm or 75 mm
- Model railways: According to the scale of the train (HO, N, etc.).)
Differences between manufacturers
It is important to note that different manufacturers may use slightly different base measurements:
- Traditional standard: 1610 mm (to the eyes)
- Some manufacturers: 1730 mm (full height)
- Minor variations: ±2-3 mm depending on the brand
This variability explains why figures of the "same" scale from different manufacturers can have slightly different heights.
Special scales in model building
Trains
- Z-scale: 1:220 (6.5 mm)
- N scale: 1:160 (10 mm)
- HO scale: 1:87 (18.5 mm)
- Scale O: 1:48 (33.5 mm)
Cars and motorcycles
- 1:64: Small collector cars
- 1:43: Standard collector cars
- 1:24: Detailed car modeling
- 1:12: High-end motorcycles
- 1:8: Premium supercars
Aviation
- 1:144: Large commercial aircraft
- 1:72: Fighters and bombers
- 1:48: Detailed aviation
- 1:32: Premium models with detailed cockpit
Practical tips for working with different measurements:
Project planning
- Define the objective: Is it for play, display, or collection?
- Calculate the space: Measure the available area before choosing the scale
- Consider the time: Larger scales require more working hours
- Evaluate your skill: Be realistic about your experience level
Combination of proportions
Although it is generally recommended to maintain a single scale in a diorama, there are exceptions:
- Figures in perspective: To create a sense of depth
- Decorative elements: Small details that don't require absolute precision
- Special effects: Like explosions or smoke
Tools according to scale
- Small scales: Magnifying glasses, fine brushes, precision tools
- Medium scales: Standard modeling tools
- Large scales: Large paintbrushes, airbrushes, sculpting tools
The future of miniature scales
Technology is revolutionizing the world of miniature scales:
3D printing
- It allows custom scales
- It facilitates the creation of unique figures
- Reduces production costs
3D Scanning
- Greater accuracy in proportions
- Exact reproduction of real objects
- Facilitates conversions between scales
New materials
- High-definition resins
- More durable materials
- More realistic finishes
Common mistakes when working with scales
Measurement error: Not measuring correctly up to eye level can lead to scale confusion.
Inappropriate mixture: Combining very different measures without planning can ruin the realism of the project.
Ignore the variations: Failing to consider differences between manufacturers can result in disproportionate figures.
Incorrect choice: Choosing a scale that is too ambitious for the current skill level.
Additional resources for mastering proportions
- Online conversion tools
There are online calculators that facilitate conversions between different measurement systems.
- Fan communities
Specialized forums are excellent sources of information on specific measures and advanced techniques.
- Manufacturer guides
Many brands provide detailed guides on their particular systems.
Conclusion
Mastering proportions is fundamental for any modeler who wants to take their projects to the next level. Whether you prefer working with millimeter measurements or proportions, the key is understanding the basic principles and practicing with different scales.
Remember that there is no "perfect" size: each one has its advantages and specific applications. The important thing is to choose the one that best suits your project, your level of experience, and your goals as a modeler.
If you're interested in learning more about scales specifically applied to model making of scale models, vehicles, and aircraft, we recommend reading our Complete guide to scales in model making, where we address the most commonly used proportions in each discipline of model making.